Sodium Sulfide

    Specifications

    HS Code

    845782

    Name Sodium Sulfide
    Chemical Formula Na2S
    Molar Mass 78.0452 g/mol
    Appearance Colorless to yellow crystalline solid
    Odor Rotten egg odor (due to hydrolysis forming hydrogen sulfide)
    Solubility In Water Highly soluble in water
    Ph In Aqueous Solution Basic (hydrolyzes to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide)
    Density 1.856 g/cm³ at 25 °C
    Melting Point 1180 °C
    Boiling Point decomposes before boiling

    As an accredited Sodium Sulfide factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.

    Packing & Storage
    Packing Sodium Sulfide packaged in 5 - kg bags for secure storage and handling.
    Storage Sodium sulfide should be stored in a cool, dry, well - ventilated area, away from sources of heat and ignition. It must be kept in tightly sealed containers to prevent contact with air, as it can react with moisture and oxygen. Store it separately from acids, oxidizing agents, and combustibles to avoid dangerous reactions.
    Shipping Sodium sulfide is shipped in tightly - sealed containers to prevent exposure to air and moisture. Due to its corrosive and reactive nature, it follows strict hazardous materials shipping regulations, ensuring safe transportation.
    Free Quote

    Competitive Sodium Sulfide prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.

    For samples, pricing, or more information, please call us at +8618136850665 or mail to sales6@liwei-chem.com.

    We will respond to you as soon as possible.

    Tel: +8618136850665

    Email: sales6@liwei-chem.com

    Sodium Sulfide Sodium Sulfide
    General Information
    Historical Development
    "The History of Sodium Sulfide"
    Sodium sulfide is also an important product of chemistry. Its history is long and can be traced back to the past. The ancient alchemists, when exploring the changes of matter, gradually noticed. At the beginning, although its certainty was not clear, it occasionally became apparent, and later generations began to study the road.
    In recent times, chemistry has gradually flourished, and research has become more and more profound. Chemists analyze its composition and understand its properties. They know that sodium sulfide is composed of sodium and sulfide. With the progress of industry, it is widely used. In the paper industry, it helps to remove lignin; leather tanning is also an important agent.
    Looking at its history, from subtle discoveries to clear cognition and wide application, it all depends on the diligent research of scholars of all dynasties, and it has become an indispensable thing in the field of chemistry today, shining brightly in many aspects of industry.
    Product Overview
    Sodium sulfide is a common product. Its shape may be crystalline, the color is light yellow, and some are lumpy. It has the smell of rotten eggs and is quite lively.
    This product is used in the field of industry and has a wide range of uses. In the papermaking industry, it is used to remove lignin and make pulp pure; in the work of leather, it can help remove hair and ash, and leather is soft and durable. And in the production of dyes and pigments, it is also indispensable, an important agent for adding color.
    However, its nature is strong, and it should be used with caution. Touch the skin, or cause burns; smell its smell, fear hurting the breathing. Therefore, the storage must be placed in a cool and dry place, away from water, fire and acids, to prevent unexpected changes. Users must understand its nature and abide by its laws, so that there is no danger of security and make the best use of everything.
    Physical & Chemical Properties
    Sodium sulfide is also a chemical substance. Its color is often light yellow, or lumpy, or powdery. It is brittle and light in quality, easily soluble in water, and generates heat when dissolved.
    Looking at its chemical properties, sodium sulfide is strongly alkaline, easy to deliquescent in the air, and can also react quickly with acids, generating the toxic gas of hydrogen sulfide, and its smell is foul.
    In terms of its physical properties, sodium sulfide has a low melting point and is easy to melt into a liquid when heated. Its aqueous solution is highly corrosive, and it can hurt the skin when touched.
    In industry, sodium sulfide is widely used. It can help remove hair in the leather industry and can be used as a cooking agent in the paper industry. However, due to its toxicity and corrosiveness, when using it, follow strict regulations and exercise extreme caution to prevent harm to people and the environment.
    Technical Specifications & Labeling
    "Technical Specifications and Labeling of Sodium Sulfide (Commodity Parameters) "
    Sodium sulfide is a chemical substance. Its technical specifications are related to the quality. Pure and uniform color is the sign of a good product. Looking at its appearance, it should be lumpy or granular, and the color should be yellow and straight.
    Regarding its labeling, commodity parameters are the key. The number of contents must be accurate. Usually the content should be within a certain standard range, such as not less than 90% to 5. The amount of impurities must be strictly controlled. Impurities such as iron and lead must not exceed the limit.
    and its packaging label should not be ignored. When the book states the name, content, origin, and date of the product. In this way, it is necessary to clarify its characteristics and make users aware of its details, so as to meet the needs of the chemical industry, ensure the safety of production, and promote the excellence of quality.
    Preparation Method
    Where the method of making sodium sulfide, the first raw materials and production process. In common opinion, ferrous sulfide and dilute sulfuric acid are often taken as raw materials. First, ferrous sulfide is placed in a special vessel, and dilute sulfuric acid is slowly injected. The reaction is as follows: FeS + H 2O SO → FeSO + H 2O S ↑. The obtained hydrogen sulfide gas is introduced into the sodium hydroxide solution, and the reaction of 2NaOH + H 2O S → Na 2O S + 2H 2O O can obtain sodium sulfide.
    When operating, be careful. Controlling the proportion of raw materials and the rate of reaction are all critical. And it is well ventilated to prevent hydrogen sulfide gas from hurting people. Therefore, following this path, pure sodium sulfide products can be obtained to meet various needs.
    Chemical Reactions & Modifications
    In the case of Sodium Sulfide, sulfide is also a sulfide. The reaction of the reaction is important. The reaction of the common reaction is the action of the acid phase, which generates sulfide. In case of dilute acid, there is the following reaction: Na ² S + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H ² S ↑. This reaction can be used to improve its chemical properties.
    And the properties of Sodium Sulfide can also be improved. In the process, it can be improved to increase its strength. And because of its decay, it must be careful to store and use it. If it can be improved to make it easier to store and use, it will be of great benefit for industrial purposes. In this way, this chemical product can be made better for its function and can be used in a wide range of fields.
    Synonyms & Product Names
    Sodium sulfide has many different names, and its commercial names also have different names. Ancient cloud "stinky alkali", because it has a foul smell, this is the distinctive characteristic of sodium sulfide. It is also called "sulfide alkali", because it has chemical properties similar to stone alkali and contains sulfur elements, so it is named.
    Sodium sulfide products sold in the city also have many other names. Or "sulfide alkali", which highlights its alkaline characteristics, and is widely used in the chemical industry. It is also called "stinky soda", which is analogous to soda (sodium carbonate) and its special smell, so it gets this name.
    Sodium sulfide is crucial to all things in the chemical industry. Only by knowing its different names and trade names can it be used smoothly in the chemical industry, properly, and give full play to its maximum effectiveness.
    Safety & Operational Standards
    Specifications for safety and operation of sodium sulfide products
    Sodium sulfide is also an important chemical product. Its properties are unique, related to safety and operation, and cannot be ignored.
    The principle of safety is the first protection. Sodium sulfide is corrosive and can cause burns when it touches the skin. Therefore, when handling this object, protective equipment must be worn, such as corrosion-resistant clothing, gloves and goggles, to avoid contact with the body and skin. And in the air, it is prone to the toxic miasma of hydrogen sulfide, which must be carried out in a well-ventilated place. If it is in a closed place, the accumulation of toxic gases is very dangerous.
    When storing, there are also regulations. When storing sodium sulfide in a dry, cool and ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources. Do not store it on the same level as acids and oxidants to prevent their interaction and unexpected changes. The packaging must be strictly solid. If there is any damage, dispose of it quickly to prevent it from being exposed to the outside.
    When operating, follow the procedures. When taking it, the action should be slow to prevent it from flying. When dissolving, sodium sulfide should be gradually poured into the water, and it must not be done the opposite way, otherwise it is easy to cause boiling and splashing. If used in a reaction, the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pH, etc. must be strictly controlled to prevent the reaction from getting out of control.
    If it is accidentally touched, rinse it with a lot of water quickly, and send it to the medical center urgently. In case of fire, do not pour it with water, and extinguish it with dry powder, sand, etc.
    Anyone who handles sodium sulfide should be aware of these safety and handling regulations and exercise caution to ensure safety.
    Application Area
    Sodium sulfide is also a chemical material, and it is widely used. In the industrial field, it is often used as a hair removal agent for leather. When tanning, sodium sulfide is used to treat the skin, and the hair is easy to remove. The texture of the skin is good, and the leather is soft and durable.
    In the paper industry, it also has its function. It can decompose lignin and help the production of pulp, making the paper uniform and tough. And in metallurgy, it can sink metal impurities and improve the purity of metals.
    In the printing and dyeing industry, sodium sulfide can be used as a reducing agent and dye coloring, making the color bright and lasting. In mining, it can float minerals and benefit the selection of resources.
    However, it is strong in nature and should be used with caution. Operators must be clear about its nature, abide by regulations, and prevent the generation of hazards, so as to make the best use of sodium sulfide, promote the prosperity of the industry and ensure safety.
    Research & Development
    I have been studying sodium sulfide for a long time. Sodium sulfide has a wide range of uses and is indispensable in papermaking and tanning industries.
    At the beginning, the preparation method was not good, and the amount of material produced was small. We studied it day and night, using its principle to explore its new path. After years of testing and improving the process, the purity of sodium sulfide has gradually increased, and the output has also increased greatly.
    Looking at today's development, the market demand is booming, and we are still working tirelessly. We want to improve the way of environmental protection, so that the preparation process is cleaner and the product is purer. We also want to expand the field of application, so that it can also play a role in emerging industries. In the future, the sodium sulfide industry, such as Kunpeng, will skyrocket, contributing to the prosperity of the chemical industry.
    Toxicity Research
    The industry of chemical industry is related to people's livelihood. Among them, the variety of substances is complex, and the study of toxicity is particularly important. In today's words, Sodium Sulfide is strong in nature and is suspected of being highly toxic.
    Looking at its characteristics, it may be yellow or brown in color, in the form of lumps or powders. In experimental investigations, when it encounters acid, it produces hydrogen sulfide gas, which is stinky and highly toxic. It is inhaled into the lungs, and the heart and lungs are invaded. In the case of light cases, it is dizzy, nausea and vomiting, and in the case of severe cases, it is unconscious, and even dies.
    Furthermore, Sodium Sulfide touches the skin, can erode the skin and hurt the flesh, and cause ulceration. Therefore, those who use this thing must have protective equipment. Be careful and do not s
    In summary, Sodium Sulfide is highly toxic and should not be underestimated. During production and use, strict procedures should be followed to ensure personal safety and environmental cleanliness.
    Future Prospects
    Sodium Sulfide is also a thing of transformation. Today, it has its own uses, and it has its own uses.
    The development of the future can be looked forward to. Its properties are determined, and it can be the foundation of new materials and help materials to move forward. And if the method of improving it can be more subtle, it will definitely reduce costs and increase efficiency, and it will be widely used in more industries.
    It is also guaranteed that if new methods are developed and made effective in environmental governance, Sodium Sulfide will be able to make a big impact. It will be used by the world to benefit people, and the future will not be limited.
    Historical Development
    "Historical Records of Sodium Sulfide"
    Sodium sulfide is also an important product of chemistry. Its historical sites can be traced back to ancient times. In the past, the Fang family of sorcerers gradually touched the art of alchemy and metallurgy. However, at that time, the understanding was still shallow, and it was only dimly known.
    In modern times, science flourished, and the principles of chemistry gradually became clear. Scholars use scientific methods to study the properties of substances in detail. The preparation and characteristics of sodium sulfide are deeply studied. At first, the method of preparation was complicated and inefficient. After the perseverance of various masters, the method was gradually improved, and the yield also increased.
    Today's sodium sulfide is widely used in various industrial fields, such as papermaking and leather. The course of its development bears witness to the power of science and the wisdom of mankind. From ignorance to clarity, from inefficiency to efficiency, these are the achievements of scholars' exploration and the evolution of the times.
    Product Overview
    Sodium sulfide, also a chemical substance. Its color is yellow-brown, and it is lumpy or granular. It is very active in nature, very soluble in water, and exothermic when dissolved.
    Sodium sulfide is widely used. In the paper industry, it can remove lignin and help in the production of pulp. In the leather industry, it can remove hair and soften leather to make it flexible. It is also used in the synthesis of dyes. It is an important agent for the production of certain dyes.
    However, this material is corrosive and harmful to the human body. If it is touched, it will hurt the skin and mucous membranes. When using it, follow safety procedures and be careful. When storing, it should be placed in a cool and dry place to avoid mixing with acids and other substances to prevent accidental changes. Overall, although sodium sulfide has many uses, it must be used with safety as the key to avoid its harm.
    Physical & Chemical Properties
    "Physical Properties and Chemical Properties of Sodium Sulfide"
    Sodium sulfide is an important substance for chemical research. In terms of physical properties, it is mostly in the form of colorless crystalline powder at room temperature, which is easy to deliquescent and has hygroscopicity. Looking at its appearance, the pure one is white in color, but it is often variegated with gray and yellow, due to the mixing of impurities. Its density is moderate, about 1.86 g/cm ³, which indicates that it has a medium specific gravity in common chemicals.
    In terms of chemical properties, sodium sulfide is very soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is strongly alkaline. This is due to the hydrolysis reaction in water, resulting in the generation of hydroxide ions. Sodium sulfide has strong reducing properties, easily loses electrons in chemical reactions, and can react violently with many oxidizing substances. For example, when exposed to acid, it reacts rapidly to generate hydrogen sulfide gas, which has a foul odor and is highly toxic and needs to be handled with caution. It can also react with a variety of metal ions to form metal sulfide precipitation, which is widely used in chemical production and chemical analysis.
    Technical Specifications & Labeling
    Sodium Sulfide is also a thing of transformation. The quality of its manufacturing technology is essential. The first thing to consider is the quality of its raw materials, and it should not be imported. The best quality can only be obtained by controlling the temperature and temperature, and following a specific formula.
    When it is used, it must be clear and attached to the name of the product, such as the proportion of ingredients and physical properties. And clear warning, because of its decay, to prevent the harm of food. Packaging is also suitable to prevent leakage. In this way, the safety of Sodium Sulfide products can be guaranteed, and it can be used in the industrial field.
    Preparation Method
    The method of making sodium sulfide is related to raw materials and production processes, reaction steps and catalytic mechanisms, and is of great importance.
    Its raw materials are often sodium sulfate and carbon powder. Mix sodium sulfate with excess carbon powder and put it into a kiln. In the kiln, the high temperature can reach more than 1,000 degrees. First, sodium sulfate reacts with carbon powder. Sodium sulfate ($Na_2SO_4 $) and carbon ($C $) react at high temperature to initially form sodium sulfide ($Na_2S $) and carbon monoxide ($CO $). This is the key step. The reaction formula is $Na_2SO_4 + 4C\ stackrel {high temperature }{=\!=\!=} Na_2S + 4CO ↑ $.
    In the catalytic mechanism, fluxes, such as calcium carbonate, can be appropriately added, which can reduce the melting point of the reaction system, accelerate the reaction process, and make the reaction more sufficient. And the reaction process needs to be controlled by temperature and time to ensure the complete reaction and improve the purity and yield of sodium sulfide production. In this way, high-quality sodium sulfide products can be prepared.
    Chemical Reactions & Modifications
    Sodium sulfide is also a common substance in the chemical process. Its chemical process and modification are related to all aspects of engineering and technology, and are of great importance to researchers.
    Looking at its chemical process, sodium sulfide in water can be dissociated into sodium ions and sulfur ions. When it encounters acid, sulfur ions combine with hydrogen ions to produce hydrogen sulfide gas. This should recognize the alkali and reducibility of sulfur ions.
    As for modification, it can be modified by adding other substances or changing its process. Adding specific reagents can adjust its chemical properties, increase its stability or change its solubility. Changing the process can reduce its microstructure and enhance its activity and selection.
    The chemical application and modification of sodium sulfide are of great significance in improving its quality and expanding its use, and are also the constant business of chemical researchers.
    Synonyms & Product Names
    Sodium sulfide is also a chemical product. It has many different names, such as stinky alkali, stinky soda, etc. This product has a wide range of uses. In the leather industry, it can remove hair and cooked skin; in the paper industry, it can cook raw materials; in the dye industry, it is also an important raw material.
    In the Guanfu market, the name of sodium sulfide products varies according to the manufacturer and use. However, its essence is sodium sulfide. Or called industrial sodium sulfide, emphasizing its industrial use; it also has the name of high-purity sodium sulfide, highlighting the high purity.
    Although the name is different, its properties are the same. All have strong alkalinity and reducing properties. When using it, be careful and operate according to regulations to prevent it from hurting people. In this way, we can make good use of the benefits of sodium sulfide and avoid its harm.
    Safety & Operational Standards
    "Specifications for the Safety and Operation of Sodium Sulfide Products"
    Sodium sulfide is a chemical substance. Its strong nature is related to safe operation and cannot be ignored.
    In storage regulations, a cool, dry and ventilated place must be selected. Keep away from fire and heat sources to prevent accidents. It must be stored in isolation from acids, oxidants, etc., and must not be mixed. If the storage place is humid, it is easy to cause sodium sulfide to deliquescent and deteriorate, and there is a risk of generating hydrogen sulfide poison gas. Therefore, the storage place must be kept dry.
    When operating, make sure the operator is familiar with its properties. Protective clothing, protective gloves and goggles are required to prevent contact with the skin and eyes and cause burns. The operation room should also be well ventilated. If the ventilation is not smooth, the sodium sulfide will decompose the escaped hydrogen sulfide and accumulate in the room, which is easy to cause poisoning.
    When handling, the action should be slow, light and light to prevent the packaging from being damaged. If the packaging is damaged and the sodium sulfide is exposed, it will not only damage the quality but also increase the safety.
    In case of sodium sulfide leakage, the first thing to do is to evacuate the personnel and isolate the scene. Emergency responders need protective equipment and do not touch with bare hands. Small leaks can be absorbed by inert materials such as sand and vermiculite; if there are large leaks, they need to build embankments or dig holes to contain them, and transfer them to a special collector by pump for recycling or transportation to a waste treatment site for disposal.
    In short, for sodium sulfide products, safety and operating standards are of paramount importance. Strictly abide by this regulation to ensure personnel safety, avoid accidents, and promote smooth production.
    Application Area
    Sodium sulfide is also an essential substance for transformation. Its application is wide. In the industry of leather, it can remove hair and fat, and help the leather to be smooth. Tanning work depends on its ability to make leather tough and durable.
    In the dyeing workshop, it is also an aid for coloring. It can promote the attachment of dyes to fabrics, and the color is bright and lasting. And in the art of metallurgy, it can divide metals and make minerals pure.
    In the industry of papermaking, sodium sulfide can dissolve lignin, and the fibers can be separated. The quality of paper is high. In the treatment of wastewater, this agent is also used to remove fouling and detoxify, and to protect the water.
    Looking at its various uses, it is a weapon for work and industry, and the benefits are very shallow, which cannot be ignored.
    Research & Development
    "Research and Creation of Sodium Sulfide"
    Taste the chemical industry, which is related to the national economy and people's livelihood. There are many products and each has its own use. Sodium sulfide is also an important chemical product.
    At the beginning of our research, we were trapped in the preparation method. Although the ancient method exists, it consumes a lot of effort and has a low yield. Then I read the classics and visited various houses, hoping to get a good plan.
    After months of research, I tried new techniques, temperature control and pressure regulation, and selected raw materials. At the beginning, the results were not obvious, and everyone was worried. However, we worked tirelessly and tried repeatedly.
    Finally, we got something. The new sodium sulfide is made, with high purity and increased output. It is used in papermaking and tanning, and the effect is outstanding. By extension, this industry will surely thrive, benefit everyone, and be of great benefit to the development of chemical industry.
    Toxicity Research
    Sodium sulfide is also a chemical substance. The study of its toxicity is crucial.
    Observation of sodium sulfide, highly corrosive and toxic. If the human body touches it or enters it through the mouth, it can cause harm. In the air, it is easy to generate hydrogen sulfide, which is foul-smelling and highly toxic, harming people's respiratory and nervous systems.
    Tried to experiment with animals, fed with sodium sulfide, it is seen that its physiological function is disordered, and the organs have different degrees of injury. In industrial scenes, workers are often exposed to sodium sulfide-containing environments, causing health problems such as respiratory diseases and skin allergies. Therefore, in the production, use and storage of sodium sulfide, strict protective measures must be taken to reduce the risk of toxicity and ensure the safety of people and the environment.
    Future Prospects
    In the field of chemical industry, it can help all kinds of reactions to be smoother, improve efficiency and gain, and in the future, it can play an important role in more complex synthesis, explore new paths and open up new paths. In the preparation of materials, it can become a key additive, making materials have extraordinary properties, such as toughness and corrosion resistance, to meet the needs of high-end.
    In addition, in the matter of environmental protection, it may be able to show miraculous effects. Or it can help purify sewage, reduce pollution and remove impurities, and make clear water in the world.
    Although the road ahead is long, the future of Sodium Sulfide will rise like the sun, and the light will gradually rise, adding bricks and mortar to the well-being of mankind and creating endless possibilities.
    Where to Buy Sodium Sulfide in China?
    As a trusted Sodium Sulfide manufacturer, we deliver: Factory-Direct Value: Competitive pricing with no middleman markups, tailored for bulk orders and project-scale requirements. Technical Excellence: Precision-engineered solutions backed by R&D expertise, from formulation to end-to-end delivery. Whether you need industrial-grade quantities or specialized customizations, our team ensures reliability at every stage—from initial specification to post-delivery support.
    Frequently Asked Questions

    As a leading Sodium Sulfide supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.

    What are the common uses of sodium sulfide?
    The method of borax smelting has been used in ancient times, and it is mostly used in the smelting and fabrication of utensils. In the smelting of utensils, borax smelting can be used as a melting aid. In ancient smelting, it is often mentioned that the stone often contains ordinary oil, so as to improve the quality. When borax encounters high temperature, it can melt the water in the stone, so that the liquid can be divided and improved. For example, when making cauldrons, it is necessary to have excellent quality. The method of borax smelting can make the material uniform, clear, and durable. It is also a wonderful use for borax smelting. If you want to have a delicate shape and color, borax can improve the flow of liquid. If the liquid flow is high, it can be injected into the fine mold, and the material is prone to defects; the flow speed is low, and the shape is not controlled. The use of borax can make the liquid flow just right, so that the flowers of the material can be high, and it can prevent oxidation at high temperatures, maintaining its light. Furthermore, when it comes to weapon building, borax is also intentional. In ancient times, the benefits of weapons are still very important. Borax is used for weapons, and the cutting edge is good, it is not easy to roll the edge, and the whole is soft. Because of the borax improvement, the gold of weapons is more reasonable, and the degree of efficiency is both, and the sand is high, it can achieve better performance. In addition, in some small-scale handmade utensils, such as bowls, etc., boraxation can improve the processing performance, making it easier for craftsmen to perform shaping, engraving, etc., to make exquisite handmade utensils.
    What are the effects of sodium sulfide on the environment?
    "Tiangong Kaiwu" says: Lime is made by forging and burning stones. Its impact on the environment is quite complicated. The system of lime requires burning to forge stones. In this process, the burning of firewood will produce soot and cause pollution to the air. And the cutting of forests and forests will damage vegetation, or cause the loss of water and soil, and the balance of ecology will be chaotic. And its use for various things also has a considerable impact. In construction, lime can condense soil to build walls, but it will mature in contact with water and dissipate heat violently. If it is not disposed of properly, it may harm surrounding organisms. And the alkali of cooked lime flows into the soil, which can change its pH and make the nutrients in the soil unbalanced, which may be unfavorable to crop growth. If it flows into the water body, it will cause water quality alkalization, change the living environment of aquatic organisms, or endanger the genus of fish and shrimp. Furthermore, lime is also commonly used in metallurgy and other industries. Lime is used to remove impurities during metallurgy, but if the waste residue produced is not properly disposed of, it will be piled up in the wild, occupying the land and soil, and the harmful substances in it may seep into the ground, sewage and water and soil. Although lime is of great benefit to human livelihood, such as building houses and roads, industrial purification, etc. However, its production and use have negative effects on the environment. Therefore, when using it, we should think of proper methods to reduce its harm to the environment, hoping to benefit and eliminate disadvantages, and to achieve a harmonious coexistence between people and nature.
    What is the production method of sodium sulfide?
    The method of making limestone is made of limestone raw materials and high calcination. Limestone is mainly composed of carbonate ($CaCO_3 $), which is a common stone and is distributed in the earth. In the process of calcination, it is necessary to put limestone in the raw materials, and use coal, natural fuels and other fuels to support combustion, so that the temperature rises to 900 to 1000 degrees Celsius. Under this high temperature, the biochemical reaction of carbonic acid decomposes to produce oxidation ($CaO $) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2 $). The chemical equation is as follows: $CaCO_3\ stackrel {high }{=\!=\!=} CaO + CO_2 ↑ $. The oxidation generated is lime, also known as quicklime. The white solids of quicklime, with strong water absorption, meet the strong reaction of water, and generate oxidation ($Ca (OH) _2 $). This process is the maturation and digestion of lime. Its transformation equation is: $CaO + H_2O =\!=\!= Ca (OH) _2 $. The resulting oxidation, vulgar slaked lime or slashed lime, and white powder solids. Ancient, the method of making lime, is also mostly the same. Take the appropriate limestone, dig it out, and bring it to the site. Pile limestone in the middle, release it, and use fuel. Seal it, and leave it in the mouth to control the burning of it. Burn fuel, drum to help fire, so that the temperature rises. After the limestone is fully decomposed, let it cool down. Then, take out the lime that has been calcined. The ancient technology is not as good as today's, but the principle is based on it, and lime that can be used can also be obtained for construction and other purposes.
    What are the precautions for sodium sulfide during storage and transportation?
    For saltpeter, many matters need to be paid attention to during storage and transportation. First, moisture-proof. Saltpeter is hygroscopic, and if it encounters moisture, it is easy to agglomerate, which will damage its quality and performance. Therefore, choose a dry and ventilated storage environment and store it in a sealed container to avoid contact with water vapor. The second time is fire protection. Saltpeter supports combustion, and it is easy to cause combustion or even explosion in case of open flames and hot topics. In storage and transportation places, fireworks are strictly prohibited, and complete fire protection facilities are equipped to prepare for emergencies. Furthermore, anti-impact and friction. Severe impact and friction or chemical reaction of saltpeter can cause accidents. When handling, the action should be slow, handle it with care, and do not subject the saltpeter to strong vibration. In addition, isolated storage is also the key. Saltpeter should not be stored and transported with flammable, explosive, acid and reducing substances to prevent interaction and danger. It should be classified and properly stored according to its chemical properties. During transportation, ensure the safety and reliability of the transportation vehicle, and the car body is well sealed to protect against wind and rain. Escort personnel should be familiar with the characteristics of saltpeter and emergency disposal methods. In case of emergencies, they can respond quickly and properly. Where it is stored, obvious warning signs should be set up to make everyone aware of its danger and be vigilant. And regularly check the stored saltpeter to see if it is damp, deteriorated, etc., so as to deal with it in time. In this way, the safety of saltpeter during storage and transportation can be guaranteed.
    What are the chemical properties of sodium sulfide?
    Borax is cold and salty in nature. Its chemical properties are quite unique and there are many wonders. Borax is prone to water loss when heated, and gradually becomes anhydrous. In aqueous solutions, it can show the buffering ability to stabilize the pH of the solution. This property is like a rock-like dam, guarding the acid-base balance of the solution. When borax meets acid, boric acid will be produced. Boric acid also has different properties and can be used for a variety of purposes. And in some chemical reactions, borax can be used as a flux, just like the magical kindling, which can reduce the melting point of substances, so that things that are originally difficult to fuse can be fused at a relatively low temperature, just like that can dissolve the warm sun of ice, which brings many conveniences to metallurgical and other processes. Borax also has a certain degree of oxidation, although its oxidation is not as violent as fire, it can also play its unique role in specific reaction situations to promote the progress of the reaction, just like the driving force behind the scenes, silently helping the evolution of the reaction. Borax can be hydrolyzed in water to generate hydroxide ions, making the solution alkaline. Although this alkaline is not as corrosive as a strong alkali, it also plays an indispensable role in some chemical processes and industrial applications, like a precise seasoning that subtly adjusts the chemical environment of the solution. The chemical properties of borax are rich and diverse, and it has important applications in many fields, either as a guarantee of stability or as a help for reactions. It is one of the things that cannot be ignored in the chemical world.