Dianfeng Chemical
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Water Liquid Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Reason
Water is a liquid state and hydrogen sulfide is a gaseous state, so
water and hydrogen sulfide are both hydrogen compounds. However, water is a liquid state at room temperature, and hydrogen sulfide is a gaseous state. The reason is that there is a hydrogen bond between the molecules of water. The hydrogen bond is a weak interaction between a hydrogen atom and an atom with a large electronegativity and a small radius (such as oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine) after covalent bonding, and another atom with a large electronegativity. The hydrogen in water is connected to oxygen, and the electronegativity of oxygen is very large, causing the hydrogen atom to be partially positively charged and attract each other with the oxygen atom of the adjacent water molecule. Although the force of this hydrogen bond is weaker than the covalent bond, it is quite significant in the interaction between molecules. Many water molecules are implicated in each other due to hydrogen bonds, forming a relatively tight structure. More energy is required to overcome these interactions in order to make water change from liquid to gaseous state. Therefore, the boiling point of water is higher, and it is liquid at room temperature.
In contrast to hydrogen sulfide, the electronegativity of sulfur is smaller than that of oxygen, and there is only a weak van der Waals force between hydrogen sulfide molecules. Van der Waals forces include orientation forces, induction forces, and dispersion forces, and their strength is far less than that of hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the interaction between hydrogen sulfide molecules is weak, and less energy is required to break free from each other. Therefore, the boiling point is low, and it exists as a gaseous state at room temperature.
In summary, water is a liquid state due to the action of hydrogen bonds between molecules, with a tight structure and a high boiling point; hydrogen sulfide is a gaseous state due to the weak van der Waals force between molecules and a low boiling point. The difference in physical state between the two is actually caused by the difference in intermolecular forces.
water and hydrogen sulfide are both hydrogen compounds. However, water is a liquid state at room temperature, and hydrogen sulfide is a gaseous state. The reason is that there is a hydrogen bond between the molecules of water. The hydrogen bond is a weak interaction between a hydrogen atom and an atom with a large electronegativity and a small radius (such as oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine) after covalent bonding, and another atom with a large electronegativity. The hydrogen in water is connected to oxygen, and the electronegativity of oxygen is very large, causing the hydrogen atom to be partially positively charged and attract each other with the oxygen atom of the adjacent water molecule. Although the force of this hydrogen bond is weaker than the covalent bond, it is quite significant in the interaction between molecules. Many water molecules are implicated in each other due to hydrogen bonds, forming a relatively tight structure. More energy is required to overcome these interactions in order to make water change from liquid to gaseous state. Therefore, the boiling point of water is higher, and it is liquid at room temperature.
In contrast to hydrogen sulfide, the electronegativity of sulfur is smaller than that of oxygen, and there is only a weak van der Waals force between hydrogen sulfide molecules. Van der Waals forces include orientation forces, induction forces, and dispersion forces, and their strength is far less than that of hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the interaction between hydrogen sulfide molecules is weak, and less energy is required to break free from each other. Therefore, the boiling point is low, and it exists as a gaseous state at room temperature.
In summary, water is a liquid state due to the action of hydrogen bonds between molecules, with a tight structure and a high boiling point; hydrogen sulfide is a gaseous state due to the weak van der Waals force between molecules and a low boiling point. The difference in physical state between the two is actually caused by the difference in intermolecular forces.
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